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For a long time, the Chaco was undeveloped and considered unsuitable for agriculture. Since the end of the 19th century, the Paraguayan government had been granting vast tracts of land to foreign companies, speculators and large landowners, but hardly anyone wanted to settle in the wilderness. Only immigrant Mennonites of German origin found a new home in the Chaco. But now the dry forests of the Chaco are falling victim to the soy boom in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay as a result of the global soy trade, rapidly increasing soy imports from the EU, and the hunger for meat and charcoal. Protein-rich soybean meal is used to fatten European chickens, pigs and cattle, and soybean oil is added to local diesel fuel as agrofuel. Soy cultivation is pushing cattle ranching deeper and deeper into the Chaco. In recent decades, the Mennonites have established dairy farming according to European standards.<\/p>\n\n
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Land theft from the indigenous peoples<\/h6>\n
It is not only nature that is threatened by soy cultivation and cattle farming, but also the 2,500 indigenous Ayoreo and 16,000 Enxet. In the vastness of the Chaco forest, indigenous people have survived to this day, including uncontacted groups living in voluntary isolation. Paraguay is home to South America’s last uncontacted Indians outside the Amazon. The Ayoreo’s diet is based on hunting and fishing, gathering tubers, fruits and honey. During the rainy season, they practice agriculture on small plots of land in the forest. With their nature-friendly way of life, the Ayoreo have preserved the forest until today. But they are not rewarded for it, on the contrary: between 1957 and 1986 they were forcibly deported from their habitat and settled further south. For this purpose, the land robbers made use of missionaries from various religious sects such as the North American New Tribes Mission. The missionaries have long experience of taking Indians out of the forest so that they do not stand in the way of capital investment. The „infidel savages“ are promised conversion and prosperity. Crammed together, they must now dwell in 15 settlements. Banished to extensive inactivity and the loss of their identity and culture, they eke out an undignified existence there.
For many years, the missionaries‘ strategy worked, but now resistance is slowly emerging. More and more Ayoreo want to return to their former territories.<\/p>\n\n
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Land speculators from all over the world<\/h6>\n
The soy and meat boom has led to wild land speculation in the previously largely undeveloped northwest of Paraguay’s Chaco. Large landowners and investors are challenging the indigenous people for their ancestral land. German investors have also bought into the Chaco, and land traders like Peer Voss from Hamburg are marketing the primeval forest plots worldwide as the „last agricultural front“. Land speculators have no business with the wilderness and the bush. According to the Federal Statistical Office, Paraguay has established itself as the main supplier of barbecue charcoal to Germany. More than 51,000 tons were supplied in 2009. Beef is also exported to Germany. The aim is to make the land „arable“ by clearing it. Not for long, because the cattle pastures are threatened by erosion, desertification and salinization. But after a few years, the land has reaped the investment along with a whopping return. The investors move on and feed the globally rampant land theft with new capital. By law, the indigenous peoples are entitled to recognition of their territory, but so far they have only been granted land titles in individual cases. The speculators, on the other hand, go in and out of the land registry office. It is a blatant injustice. The land grabbers are trying to create facts and clear the forest as quickly as possible in order to create pastures for cattle. Where dense virgin forest once stretched out, monotonous pastures now stretch out. The endless expanse is interrupted by fences and dirt roads.<\/p>\n
The last uncontacted Ayoreo<\/h6>\n
In addition to the sedentary Ayoreo, who now live in 15 villages, there are still four or five groups that live in voluntary isolation. These are families or small groups, no more than a total of about 100 people. They continue the original nomadic life of the Ayoreo. However, most of the territory currently inhabited by these groups in the administrative regions of Boquer\u00f3n and Alto Paraguay is in private hands and is acutely threatened with clearing: Paraguayans and foreigners, large landowners and investors, individuals and companies are the „landowners“. Less than 10% of the territory is in protected areas and national parks.<\/p>\n
Iniciativa Amotocodie and UNAP<\/h6>\n
In Paraguay, the non-profit association Iniciativa Amotocodie (IA) supports the Ayoreo to ensure their survival as an indigenous minority. The association’s goals are to protect and preserve the indigenous people, including their culture, their territory and its natural resources. IA has experienced personnel and maintains close contacts with the Ayoreo and their organization, the Uni\u00f3n de Nativos Ayoreo del Paraguay (UNAP). UNAP, which represents about 95% of the Ayoreo Indians in Paraguay, has united 13 Ayoreo villages in Paraguay. In order to ensure the survival of the isolated nomadic groups in a larger and, wherever possible, contiguous territory, the Iniciativa Amotocodie coordinates land acquisition for the Ayoreo. Legally, the virgin forest lands are transferred to UNAP. With a binding clause, the UNAP commits itself to protect the biodiversity and nature on the acquired land areas. These may only be used by the isolated Ayoreo groups in the traditional way for hunting and gathering forest products such as tubers and fruits.<\/p>\n
Purchase of virgin forest for the uncontacted Ayoreo<\/h6>\n
Bis heute konnten IA und UNAP mit Spendengeldern aus dem Ausland drei gro\u00dfe Landst\u00fccke im Chaco erwerben, insgesamt 15.538 Hektar. Das erste Urwaldst\u00fcck wurde bereits per Dekret vom paraguayischen Staat als Naturschutzgebiet und Erbe der Ayoreo (\u00c1rea Silvestre Protegida y del Patrimonio Ayoreo) anerkannt. Seit Ende 2008 unterst\u00fctzt Rettet den Regenwald die Iniciativa Amotocodie. 95.000 Euro f\u00fcr den Kauf eines insgesamt 5.000 Hektar gro\u00dfen Urwaldgrundst\u00fccks am Rand des Nationalparks \u201eD\u00fcnen des Chaco\u201c hat der Verein schon gespendet. 1.800 Hektar wurden davon bereits Ende Dezember 2009 zusammen mit Spenden von Brot f\u00fcr die Welt und SOS Regenwald erworben (siehe c auf der obigen Karte). Mitte April kamen weitere 2.000 Hektar hinzu. Wir sammeln weiter Spenden. Der Preis betr\u00e4gt 120 Euro pro Hektar. Ein Hektar sind 10.000 Quadratmeter, das hei\u00dft zehn Quadratmeter kosten 120 Cent. IA verwendet maximal 5% der Spendensumme f\u00fcr Arbeits-, Landvermessungs, Anwalts- und Notarkosten, Beh\u00f6rdengeb\u00fchren sowie notwendige Schutzarbeiten im Gel\u00e4nde wie das Anbringen von Hinweisschildern und Z\u00e4unen. Viele weitere Urwaldfl\u00e4chen m\u00fcssten noch hinzukommen, damit aus den bisher gesicherten Waldinseln ein zusammenh\u00e4ngendes Territorium entsteht, das den isoliert lebenden Ayoreo-Gruppen das \u00dcberleben sichern kann. Vor allem muss der paraguayische Staat das angestammte Land der Indigenen anerkennen. Erste Schritte in dieser Richtung gab es bereits im Januar 2008. Damals haben die Staatsbeh\u00f6rden das Naturreservat des Ayoreo-Stammlandes \u201ePuni\u00e9 Paesoi\u201c als Gebiet zum Schutz der isolierten Ayoreo-Gruppen anerkannt. Im November 2009 pr\u00e4sentierten die Ayoreo und IA die Studie \u201eDer Fall Ayoreo\u201c zur Geschichte und aktuellen Situation ihres Volks im Parlament in der Hauptstadt Asunci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n
The animal protection foundation Wolfgang B\u00f6sche gives away tropical forest in Paraguay<\/h6>\n
The animal protection foundation Wolfgang B\u00f6sche has provided the funds for the purchase of 250,000 square meters of tropical forest in Paraguay.<\/p>\n\n
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More information:<\/h6>\n
Rettet den Regenwald e.V., B\u00fcro Berlin<\/b>
Klaus Schenck, Wald- und Energiereferent
Jupiterweg 15
D-22391 Hamburg
Tel. +49- 40 \u2013 410 38 04; Fax:+49- 40 \u2013 450 01 44
E-mail: berlin@regenwald.org
http:\/\/www.regenwald.org<\/a><\/p>\n